Born in Elwood, Indiana, in 1892, which Republican presidential candidate lost to FDR in 1940?

Born in Dublin, Texas, in 1912, which four-time U.S. Open winner had his own line of golf equipment? Born in Edinburgh in 1771, who is considered the first major historical novelist? Born in Edinburgh in 1847, which inventor moved to Boston in 1871 to teach deaf students? Born in El Paso in 1921, which "Star Trek" creator died in 1991? Born in England in 1919, which ballerina formed a famous partnership with Rudolf Nureyev? Born in England in 1937, which painter discovered sunny California in the 1960s and made it his home? Born in Fabens, Texas, in 1931, which jockey retired in 1990 with a then-record 8,833 wins? Born in France in 1596, who studied law and served as a soldier before becoming the father of modern philosophy?