Born in 1564, which Italian scientist often used pendulums in his studies of motion?

Born in Flanders in 1512, which cartographer created a famous 1569 world map projection? Born in 1519, which Italian-born queen of France was a great-niece of Pope Leo X? Born in 1547, which Spanish author, a rival of playwright Lope de Vega, wrote "Don Quixote"? Born in 1564, the same year as Shakespeare, which playwright wrote "Doctor Faustus" and "Tamburlaine"? Born in 1638 after his parents had been married some 22 years, which French king was christened Louis-Dieudonné, or "Go… Born in Hanover in 1683, which British king was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain? Born in 1686, which physicist invented the mercury thermometer and devised a temperature scale to go with it? Born in 1714, which son of J.S. Bach spent decades as harpsichordist to Frederick the Great?