Begun in 1860, which major golf tournament is held each year in the United Kingdom?

Begun in 1173, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is clad mainly in what stone? Begun around 1503, which painting has been called the most famous portrait in art history? Begun in 1815, America's first large-scale monument to which man towers above Mount Vernon Place in Baltimore? Begun in 1845 and published in 1862, which Victor Hugo novel condemns the social injustices of 19th-century France? Begun in 1877, which is the oldest of tennis's four Grand Slam tournaments? Begun in 1884, which magazine's name is synonymous with the New York City theater scene? Established in 1935, which German military branch's name means "air weapon"? Begun in 1948, which university's African studies program was the first of its kind in the U.S.?