In 1884, Count Hilaire de Chardonnet patented an "artificial silk" that was the forerunner of which fiber?

Which U.S. president lived from 1882 to 1945? Which influential writer was born in 1882 in a Dublin suburb? In Gilbert and Sullivan's 1882 "Iolanthe", the title fairy broke fairy law by marrying whom? Which 1883 novel includes "Fifteen men on the dead man's chest, yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum"? In 1884, reports that he had had his lover committed to an asylum nearly cost which candidate the presidential election? Which American poet, who lived from 1885 to 1972, shares his last name with a unit of weight? Which president, who died in 1885, insisted on a burial place where his wife could one day lie beside him? Who reportedly spoke his last word, "Water", in July 1885?