Which U.S. president lived from 1882 to 1945?

Dmitri, Ivan, Alyosha and Smerdyakov are the siblings in which 1880 novel? In 1880, John Philip Sousa became leader of which military band? In the 1880s, mothers dressed sons in velvet suits and curls to imitate which "little lord" of literature? In 1881, Charles Guiteau shot which U.S. president? Which influential writer was born in 1882 in a Dublin suburb? In Gilbert and Sullivan's 1882 "Iolanthe", the title fairy broke fairy law by marrying whom? Which 1883 novel includes "Fifteen men on the dead man's chest, yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum"? In 1884, Count Hilaire de Chardonnet patented an "artificial silk" that was the forerunner of which fiber?