In 1846, heavy snowfall trapped which pioneer party in the Sierra Nevada, where some resorted to cannibalism?

Who received a U.S. patent in 1844 for vulcanizing rubber? Who was inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president in 1845? Which 1845 poem is set "upon a midnight dreary" in bleak December in the narrator's chamber? In 1846, dentist William Morton demonstrated ether at Massachusetts General Hospital, pioneering what? Which blight struck Ireland's main crop in the 1840s, causing the Great Famine? Which inventor lived from 1847 to 1922? Winfield Scott won the 1847 Battle of Churubusco during which war? The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, ending which war, added over 500,000 square miles to the U.S.?