From the Latin for "write over," what is the official record of a student's courses and grades?

Wyoming's famous "hole," a valley ringed by mountains, is named after which 19th-century fur trapper? Panoply, a spring celebration of the arts, is held in which Alabama city? According to the title of a Fox sitcom, who "Controls the Universe"? Monica Evans and Carole Shelley played the Pigeon sisters on stage, on film and on TV in which comedy? By 1877, which author had the idea for a story in which Edward VI and a pauper change places? After a bombardment in April 1861, which became the first Union fort to surrender to the Confederacy? If you smell the mercaptans deliberately added to which fuel, you should get out of the house? In whose novels do the Dwarves speak Khuzdul and the One Ring bear an inscription in the Black Speech?