Around 1800 Josiah Spode II perfected which type of ceramic made with bone ash?

Cinematographer Gregg Toland helped Orson Welles create the innovative style of which 1941 masterpiece? Cio-Cio-San is the title character of which Puccini opera? Polynesian voyagers who settled New Zealand became which people? Who painted "Girl with a Pearl Earring" around 1665? Around 1860 Robert FitzRoy of Britain's weather office rejected "prediction" and "prophecy" in favor of which word? Circe turned the men of which seafarer into swine? Circus Oz, a satirical circus that turned 21 in 1999, comes from which country nicknamed "Oz"? In 1991 former Soviet republics formed the CIS, the Commonwealth of what?