Called the "mother of Rus cities," which capital was heavily damaged in World War II?

What are drogues, which open during a space capsule's descent? Who introduced Christianity into Japan in 1549 and is called one of the greatest Catholic missionaries? Hyperopia, the opposite of myopia, is more commonly called what? Called Michinomiya as a child, who became emperor of Japan on Christmas Day 1926? Called Sagarmatha in Nepali, which peak is this? Called the ablest of Lee's generals, whose death by friendly fire in 1863 badly hurt the South's chances? Called the "American Sherlock Holmes," William J. Burns solved the 1910 bombing of which California newspaper? Called the eighth natural wonder of the world, what stretches over 1,200 miles off Australia's east coast?