Which British philosopher and mathematician won the 1950 Nobel Prize in Literature?

Which English king had six wives? In 1780, British Major John Andre received secret plans to which American fort on the Hudson River? Which British monarch came to the throne in 1837, less than a month after her 18th birthday? Which British monarch followed George V, Edward VIII and George VI? British playwright Tom Taylor wrote which farce that played at Ford's Theatre in April 1865? Which English royal house was symbolized by a white rose? Which ship was found mysteriously deserted in the Atlantic in 1872? Who was the U.S. president when British troops set fire to the Capitol in 1814?