Before becoming the first Chief Justice of the United States in 1789, who served as secretary of foreign affairs under the Continental Congress?

Before the 1867 sale of Alaska to the U.S., which island chain was sometimes called the Catherine Archipelago? Before joining the New York Yankees in 1920, Babe Ruth starred for which team? Before the Battle of Trafalgar on October 21, 1805, which admiral signaled "England expects that every man will do his… Which future French leader was wounded three times in World War I and captured at Verdun in 1916? Before becoming Chief Justice in 1864, who had been Secretary of the Treasury and governor of Ohio? Who became music director of the New York Philharmonic in 1958, the first American-born conductor to hold the post? Before becoming Israel's prime minister in 1974, who served as Israel's ambassador to the United States? Which foreign policy adviser to Ronald Reagan's 1980 campaign became his ambassador to the United Nations?