Astronomy using which rays, discovered in the 1890s, must be done from space because they can't penetrate our atmosphere?

In 1972, astronomer Margaret Burbidge became the first woman director of which English institution? Astronomer Michael Brown discovered the object 2003 UB313 and nicknamed it after which TV warrior princess? Astronomers gave which Beatles-inspired name to BPM 37093, a white dwarf star with a diamond core? Astronomers used clues in which epic to suggest a date of April 16, 1178 B.C., for its hero's archery contest? Asuncion is the capital and largest city of which country? Which metal, liquid at room temperature, freezes solid at about -38 degrees Fahrenheit? At about 10,000 feet, the Timberline campus of which state's Mountain College is among the highest in the U.S.? The 1,136-foot Amoco Building, later renamed the Aon Center, stands in which U.S. city?