Around 1846, Sarah Bagley became the first female operator of which communications device?

In 1817, Giovanni Battista Caviglia led an excavation to free the Great Sphinx of Giza from what? Around 1820, doctors showed that which element was effective in treating goiter? Around 1830, Catherine McAuley founded which order of nuns to care for Dublin's poor and sick? Around 1840, chemist John William Draper took the first photograph of which heavenly body? Around 1850, George Boole devised a new kind of which branch of mathematics, now used in computer logic? Around 1850, which scientist came up with the idea for an absolute temperature scale? Around 1850, Hermann von Helmholtz measured how fast impulses travel along which body parts? In the mid-1800s, which U.S. industry sent out hundreds of ships, many from New Bedford, Massachusetts?