Which Florentine author, who died in 1527 and once served as a secretary of the Florentine republic, became a byword for amoral cynicism?

On October 31, 1517, who reputedly posted 95 theses on the door of Wittenberg's Castle Church? Who won the Best Actor Oscar for playing boxer Jake LaMotta in "Raging Bull" (1980)? After winning the disputed 1876 election, which president was inaugurated to cries of "Rutherfraud"? After winning the first International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1958, which pianist got a piano competition… After writing "J'accuse!", which author was convicted of libel? After writing which 1829 opera did Rossini compose no more operas in the last 39 years of his life? After World War I, who became director of an art school in Weimar and in 1925 moved it, as the Bauhaus, to Dessau? The M1 rifle armed U.S. infantry in World War II. Which newer rifle was issued to GIs in Vietnam in the 1960s?