Which branch of the U.S. military was part of the Army before becoming independent in 1947?

A brace and bit is a simple hand-powered type of which tool? A brain disease is named for Hans Creutzfeldt and which other German neurologist who described it around 1920? Which body part also names a branch of an organization or an inlet branching off a river or sea? What does "WWW" stand for in web addresses? Which Nebraska city is named for a Native American people who spoke a Siouan language? Which branch of the U.S. military used the recruiting slogan "Aim High"? A branch of which dynasty, originally French, was restored to the throne of France in 1814 and of Spain in 1874? Which brand name has become a synonym for a photocopy?