Who was first lady from 1877 to 1881?

Escamillo is a bullfighter in which 1875 opera? Which thinker wrote in 1875, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs"? Which French Impressionist painted many ballet rehearsal scenes in the 1870s? Which 1876 Mark Twain novel features a boy who tricks friends into whitewashing a fence? In 1878, Joseph Winters patented a wagon-mounted fire escape made of what? Leo XIII reigned from 1878 to 1903 as the most recent pope with which name, also a zodiac sign? Which physicist, who lived from 1879 to 1955, was famous for his wild hair? Which comedian, who lived from 1880 to 1946, is rumored to have wanted "On the whole, I'd rather be in Philadelphia" on…