From the Latin for "adult", what is the stage of physical maturity that usually happens to teenagers?

From the French for "training", which equestrian event is sometimes called "horse ballet"? From the Greek for "leaf", what are the individual parts of a flower's corolla called? From the Greek for "lasting a day", what are items like campaign buttons and cruise ship menus, not meant to last, call… From the Italian for "foam", which molded ice cream dessert often contains candied fruit and nuts? From the Latin for "six-monthly", which divisions of a college year can be 15 to 18 weeks long? From the Latin for "prescribe", which word can mean to give orders, or to speak aloud for someone to write down? From the Latin for "strain", what bowl-shaped strainer is used to drain liquid from foods such as pasta? From the Tamil word for "roll", "curuttu", what is a cigar with square-cut ends called?