Which prefix meaning "below" can go before "standard" and "marine"?

What kind of religious work is Beethoven's "Missa Solemnis"? Which giant beetle, among the heaviest insects in the world, is named after a biblical giant? Which prefix meaning "self" can go before "biography" and "graph"? Which prefix meaning "star" can go before "naut" and "physics"? After the Mongol invasion of 1241, King Béla IV built a fortified town on Buda's Castle Hill in which country? In the 1890s, German pioneer Otto Lilienthal made around 2,000 flights in what kind of engineless aircraft? The 20th Amendment, ratified in 1933, moved which event from March 4 to January 20? Which West African country with a hyphenated name was known as Portuguese Guinea until its independence in the 1970s?