In golf, a flagstick (or "pin") marks the hole on which part of the course?

Architects like Louis Sullivan flocked to which Midwest city to help rebuild it after a disaster in 1871? Italian architects Pietro Solari and Marco Ruffo built walls around which Moscow landmark around 1490? What name is given to a traditional architectural reproduction showing white lines on a blue background? Which Arctic seabird, with a colorful striped bill, is nicknamed the "sea parrot"? Greenland, Western Europe and Alaska are territories on the board of which classic strategy game? Areology is the scientific study of which planet? Which royal title for Aretha Franklin was also the name of her 1992 anthology album? In which 1980 movie starring Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi did Aretha Franklin play the owner of a soul food cafe?