What is a political subdivision of Switzerland called?

What was the surname of the Polish pope John Paul II before his election? A Polish woman who survived a concentration camp is the title figure of which 1979 William Styron novel set in 1947? What does GOP, the nickname of the Republican Party, stand for? France's political and social system before 1789 is known as the "ancien" what? Which politician was nicknamed "Tail Gunner Joe"? What is a polygon with four sides called? A popular 1889 John Philip Sousa march was commissioned for an awards ceremony held by which newspaper? A popular 1940s style of ankle socks shares its name with a nickname for Robert. What are they called?