What is the American name for the sleeveless garment the British call a waistcoat?

In ancient Egyptian measurement, 4 digits (finger widths) made a palm. What did 5 digits make? Which four-letter word is often used for a small pigeon? Which four-letter word is the usual antonym of "domesticated" when describing animals? Which Andrew Lloyd Webber musical, based on poems by T.S. Eliot, is about creatures said to have nine lives? On the Beaufort scale, which four-letter term describes a wind speed of less than 1 mph? Which word for stockings or nylons also names the leg coverings that men wore in the 1500s? Which four-word motto did a 1956 law require on all U.S. paper currency? Members of which antigovernment group, known for an 81-day standoff with the FBI in 1996, were convicted in 1998?