Which 12-letter word means "beneath the skin"?

Only three kings of England have had which name, each taking the throne in 1189, 1377 and 1483? Pendleton, which reached 119°F in 1898, a record high for its state, is in which state? Twelve avenues radiate from which Paris monument, completed in the 1830s? What is a 12-inch hot dog called? About 12 million future Americans were inspected at which immigration station? Twelve of the 33 of which bones are thoracic? In 2000, 12-year-old George Abraham Thampy won which contest with the word "démarche"? In which 1988 film does 12-year-old Josh Baskin wish to be grown up?