In carpentry, 10-penny, 16-penny and 20-penny are sizes of what?

Which word describes a difficult, bad-tempered, cantankerous person? Which 10-letter word means the owner of a hotel or other business? Which 10-letter word means impervious to sound? Ten members of which secret society of Irish immigrant coal miners were hanged in Pennsylvania on June 21, 1877? Which Olympic event consists of 10 track and field events held over two days? Which company's name is a play on "googol", the number 10 to the 100th power? What does 10 to the zero power equal? Ten years after its 1956 Broadway debut, which play became a musical with its title shortened to "Mame"?